![]() ![]() Those in the control group received no information. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups. This study employs an original survey instrument and embedded experiment on a nationally representative sample of 1,245 adult Americans to understand how COVID-19 vaccine mandates affect attitudes toward vaccination and willingness to engage in a range of social and economic activities. Given this unique context, we seek to understand reactions toward such mandates. As a result, most vaccine mandates in the United States are imposed either at the state or local level or by private entities for their employees. Even President Biden’s more limited plan to mandate vaccinations for large employers drawing on statutory authority to protect workplace safety was struck down by the U.S. Although mandates are a global phenomenon, a distinguishing feature of vaccine mandates in the United States is that the federal government lacks clear constitutional authority to mandate vaccination outside of specific circumstances, such as for the armed forces. Dozens of countries have implemented vaccine mandates either for particular jobs (e.g., home care staff in England, France, and Greece, teachers in New Zealand) or for all adults (e.g., Austria, Indonesia, Turkmenistan). Įmpirical study of public reaction to COVID-19 mandates is limited, an important oversight given the prevalence of mandates enacted around the world. For example, while childcare/kindergarten vaccine mandates against Hepatitis A appear to have significantly increased vaccination, vaccination rates actually declined after the implementation of New York City's measles vaccine mandate, and studies of Australian childhood vaccine mandates showed no statistical change in public behavior post-intervention. Empirically, past studies have found mixed evidence of mandates’ efficacy and effects. If so, then the expanded use of incentives to vaccinate may be a more effective policy route. Some critics worry that mandates may further entrench anti-vaccine sentiment and exacerbate inequities if economically disadvantaged groups opt out of daycares, schools, or employment rather than vaccinate. These mandates have prompted fierce debate. More than two centuries later, governments faced a public health crisis in the form of COVID-19 and many began implementing an array of mandates to boost vaccination rates. The government first made vaccinations free, but facing continued reluctance, later made them mandatory. In the early 19th century, England produced the first vaccine in history, protecting individuals against smallpox, one of the most significant causes of death in Europe. ![]()
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